This proposal represents the next stage of a collaboration between Jennifer Pitts and Michele Bee on Adam Smith’s political economy. Our previous project examined key themes surrounding the 250th anniversary of The Wealth of Nations, including exchange, inequality, and empire. We now focus on an intensive one-month research residency at the IIRP devoted to completing a co-authored article that consolidates our central theoretical claims in light of Smith’s moral philosophy and his account of intersubjective recognition. Rather than reading Smith as a theorist of self-interest alone, we argue that his political economy is rooted in a broader account of the conditions under which human beings flourish. For Smith, flourishing requires social and economic relations structured by rough equality, mutual recognition, and non-dominating exchange. We explore how inequality, empire, and systems of domination distort these processes and undermine both moral and economic flourishing. The residency will provide dedicated time for writing and structured discussion with graduate students from both institutions. The resulting article will be submitted to a leading journal and will serve as the conceptual foundation for a future ERC Synergy Grant proposal on equality and global political economy, with IIRP and the University of Salento among the host institutions.