This proposal aims to launch a series of discussions and celebrations to mark the 250th anniversary of Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations (1776). These celebrations aim to explore the thought of one of the forerunners of modern economic thought and to explore economic issues that are still relevant today, such as the role of emotions and language in economic exchange, the conditions for non-violent economic interactions, the possible relationship between inequality and social diversity, the relationship between the wealth and failure of nations and the international violence they engage in and are subject to. The project consists of research periods at the IIRP and at the University of Chicago, a conference for the general public with the 2024 Nobel Prize in Economics James A. Robinson at the IIRP, a workshop for university students at the IIRP and a call for young scholars to participate in the workshop (with travel support). The partners already committed to this project proposal are the Department of Political Science of the University of Chicago, Department of Economics of the University of Salento, Department of Social and Political Sciences of Bocconi University, the Department of Economics of the University of Pisa, PHARE of the Université Sorbonne-Panthéon and the Centre de Recherches Historiques of the EHESS. The results of these research activities will be published in peer-reviewed journals and by peer-reviewed publishers, and will lead to various interventions in the popular media. The work carried out in this project will be used to prepare an ERC Synergy Grant project to be submitted in the 2027 call for proposals.